Effect of fluid rheology on particle migration in a square-shaped microchannel

The effect of fluid rheology on particle migration induced by fluid viscoelasticity in a square-shaped microchannel is reported. Three water polymer solutions of PolyEthylene Oxyde at different concentrations, corresponding to different elasticity and degree of shear thinning, are prepared and rheologically characterized. Experiments are carried out for a wide range of flow rates, and the particle distributions over the channel cross section are reconstructed by combining particle tracking measurements and numerical simulations of the fluid velocity profile. The particle distributions show that the migration direction strongly depends on the fluid rheology. Specifically, when particles explore the constant viscosity region of the suspending liquids, they are focused around the channel centerline. Such an effect is more and more pronounced as the flow rate increases. On the other hand, for particles suspended in a shear-thinning fluid, a different scenario appears: At low flow rates, i.e., in the constant viscosity region, particles still migrate toward the channel centerline, while at high flow rates, i.e., in the shear thinning region, the migration reverts direction and the particles are driven toward the corners of the channel cross section. Those experimental observations elucidate the relevant and competing role of elasticity and shear thinning, with obvious implications in designing microfluidic devices for particle manipulation. Finally, our results highlight the weak effect of inertia on particle migration as compared to viscoelastic effects, even for low elastic suspending liquids.