Toward Efficient Design of Flip-flops in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata with Power Dissipation Analysis

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the emergent nano-technologies and a potential substitute for transistor based technologies. In this research, an efficient QCA based T, SR and JK flip-flops have been proposed. The proposed gates are implemented with multiplexer, three-input Majority gate and XOR gate. The circuit layouts are designed and verified using QCADesigner version 2.0.3. The simulation result reviles the excellence of the proposed design. The proposed T flip-flop archives 35% improvement in terms cell count. Similarly, the reported RS and JK flip-flop requires 43% and 50% less area respectively in comparison to the previous best single layer design. In addition, QCAPro tool has been used to estimate the power dissipation of all considered designs at different tunneling energy level.