The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a brain stem locomotive center that is also involved in the processing of sensory and behavioral information. The PPN has been recently proposed as a potential target for the treatment of axial symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). To date, results of the first series of PD patients treated with PPN deep brain stimulation (DBS) have shown promising results. In this article, we review some of the basic aspects of the PPN as a target and the outcome of the recently published clinical trials.
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UCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, EnglandUCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, England
Aviles-Olmos, Iciar
Foltynie, Thomas
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UCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, EnglandUCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, England
Foltynie, Thomas
Panicker, Jalesh
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Natl Hosp Neurol & Neurosurg, Dept Uroneurol, London WC1N 3BG, EnglandUCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, England
Panicker, Jalesh
Cowie, Dorothy
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UCL Inst Neurol, Gait Lab, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, EnglandUCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, England
Cowie, Dorothy
Limousin, Patricia
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UCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, EnglandUCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, England
Limousin, Patricia
Hariz, Marwan
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UCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, EnglandUCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, England
Hariz, Marwan
Fowler, Clare J.
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Natl Hosp Neurol & Neurosurg, Dept Uroneurol, London WC1N 3BG, EnglandUCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, England
Fowler, Clare J.
Zrinzo, Ludvic
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UCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, EnglandUCL Inst Neurol, Unit Funct Neurosurg, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London WC1N 3BG, England
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Ctr Hosp Univ Montreal, Hop Notre Dame, Div Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ, CanadaCtr Hosp Univ Montreal, Hop Notre Dame, Div Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Fournier-Gosselin, Marie-Pierre
Lipsman, Nir
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Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaCtr Hosp Univ Montreal, Hop Notre Dame, Div Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Lipsman, Nir
Saint-Cyr, Jean A.
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Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaCtr Hosp Univ Montreal, Hop Notre Dame, Div Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Saint-Cyr, Jean A.
Hamani, Clement
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Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaCtr Hosp Univ Montreal, Hop Notre Dame, Div Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ, Canada
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Univ Toronto, Div Neurosurg, Dept Surg, Toronto Western Hosp,Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Div Neurosurg, Dept Surg, Toronto Western Hosp,Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Hamani, Clement
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Stone, Scellig
Laxton, Adrian
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Univ Toronto, Div Neurosurg, Dept Surg, Toronto Western Hosp,Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Div Neurosurg, Dept Surg, Toronto Western Hosp,Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada