Rate of approximation for functions of bounded variation by integral operators

We estimate pointwise convergence rates of approximation for functions of bounded variation and for functions which are exponentially bounded and locally of bounded variation. The approximation is through the operation of a sequence of integral operators with not necessarily positive kernel functions. The general result is then applied to deduce estimates for particular operators, such as Beta operators, Fourier–Legendre operators, Picard operators, and Gauss–Weierstrass operators.