Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna with photonic band gap (PBG) structure for high-speed THz application

Next-generation wireless communication requires high-performance antennas that can support high-speed data transmission while meeting the requirements for low weight, low cost, and low profile. This article introduces a graphene-based wideband microstrip patch antenna at 2.96 THz resonant frequency for terahertz application. The proposed antenna is mounted on a polyimide substrate with dielectric constant of 3.5. The periodic arrangement of photonic band gap structure has been etched on the polyimide substrate to enhance radiation characteristics. The result of this research has been investigated in respect of reflection coefficient (S11), gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), radiation efficiency, and radiation pattern for both E and H plane. The proposed antenna achieved minimal return loss of icrostrip50.98 dB, VSWR of 1.022, Gain of 5.40 dB, and impedance bandwidth of 797 GHz at 2.96 THz resonant frequency. All the simulation has been carried out by using EM simulator CST microwave studio with the finite integration technique. The proposed antenna has many applications are medical imaging, airport security analysis, explosive detection, material characterization, etc.