Examination of nanoparticles from gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines using transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

被引:0
|
作者
H. Seong
S. Choi
K. Lee
机构
[1] Argonne National Laboratory,Transportation Technology R&D Center, Energy System Division
来源
International Journal of Automotive Technology | 2014年 / 15卷
关键词
Sub-23-nm particles; Solid carbon nanoparticles; GDI engines; TEM analysis; Morphology; PN regulation;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
学科分类号
摘要
Gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines have been reported to produce significantly more particulate matter (PM) mass and particulate number (PN) emissions than do port-fuel-injection (PFI) spark ignition engines. Because smallsized particles are of great concern in terms of their regulation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to evaluate the sizes of primary and aggregate particles that were thermophoretically collected from three different GDI engines under various engine operating conditions. A low load and retarded fuel injection generally reduced the particle size. Consequently, when the fuel injection timing was delayed at low loads, primary and aggregate particles became extremely small. In particular, a number of nanoparticles were sub-23-nm particles. Careful high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analyses provided the first evidence that these nanoparticles are solid carbon particles with clear fringe patterns and young soot (and/or highly condensed semi-volatiles) with amorphous carbon patterns. Therefore, this result suggests that the current cut-off size at 23 nm for PN regulation in Euro 6 must be further reduced to include sub-23-nm carbon nanoparticles.
引用
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页码:175 / 181
页数:6
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