Electronic Metamaterials with Tunable Second-order Optical Nonlinearities

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作者
Hung-Hsi Lin
Felipe Vallini
Mu-Han Yang
Rajat Sharma
Matthew W. Puckett
Sergio Montoya
Christian D. Wurm
Eric E. Fullerton
Yeshaiahu Fainman
机构
[1] Materials Science and Engineering,
[2] University of California,undefined
[3] San Diego,undefined
[4] 9500 Gilman Drive,undefined
[5] La Jolla,undefined
[6] Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,undefined
[7] University of California,undefined
[8] San Diego,undefined
[9] Center for Memory and Recording Research,undefined
[10] University of California,undefined
[11] San Diego,undefined
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The ability to engineer metamaterials with tunable nonlinear optical properties is crucial for nonlinear optics. Traditionally, metals have been employed to enhance nonlinear optical interactions through field localization. Here, inspired by the electronic properties of materials, we introduce and demonstrate experimentally an asymmetric metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) metamaterial that exhibits a large and electronically tunable effective second-order optical susceptibility (χ(2)). The induced χ(2) originates from the interaction between the third-order optical susceptibility of the semiconductor (χ(3)) with the engineered internal electric field resulting from the two metals possessing dissimilar work function at its interfaces. We demonstrate a five times larger second-harmonic intensity from the MSM metamaterial, compared to contributions from its constituents with electrically tunable nonlinear coefficient ranging from 2.8 to 15.6 pm/V. Spatial patterning of one of the metals on the semiconductor demonstrates tunable nonlinear diffraction, paving the way for all-optical spatial signal processing with space-invariant and -variant nonlinear impulse response.
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