Thermophysical properties and heat transfer in mono and hybrid nanofluids with different base fluids: an overview

Hybrid nanofluids are a promising class of fluids that combine the advantages of nanoparticles with a base fluid to enhance heat transfer performance. They have potential applications in various fields and are the subject of ongoing research and development. Understanding the properties and behaviour of hybrid nanofluids is essential to explore their potential and optimize their use in various applications. Heat exchangers represent the most widespread thermal devices, and increasing their efficiency is the key to significant energy savings. This review article mainly focuses on the overall heat transfer process analysing the influence of thermophysical properties of single-component and hybrid nanofluids (using different base fluids). Finally, a case study is performed with SiC nanoparticles suspended in a mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and water (H2O) in a 20:80 volume ratio (20:80 EG–W), whose stability is confirmed by zeta potential determination and showed an increase in heat transfer.