Plasmon-mediated chemical reactions

Plasmon-mediated chemical reactions (PMCRs) are processes that make use of nanostructure-based surface plasmons as mediators to redistribute and convert photon energy in various time, space and energy scales, thereby driving chemical reactions by localizing photon, electronic and/or thermal energies. PMCRs can enhance the efficiency of an array of reactions, with potential advantages and unique features over thermochemistry, electrochemistry, photochemistry and photocatalysis. This Primer aims to give a general overview of the key points regarding PMCRs. Following the introduction of the main fundamental mechanism of plasmonic effects including enhanced electromagnetic near field, excited carriers and local heating on chemical reactions, the primary consideration and techniques for designing and constructing plasmonic catalysts are outlined. The typical methods used to characterize plasmonic catalysts and their properties are presented, as well as a discussion of PMCR mechanisms. Recent advances in PMCR application are also reviewed with some typical examples. Finally, the reproducibility and key optimization factors are emphasized, followed by a summary of future challenges and opportunities for the field.