Multi-GNSS (GPS/Galileo) single-frequency precise point positioning: a case study over Victoria

The performance of multi-GNSS (GPS/Galileo) Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning (SF-PPP) is studied for both static and kinematic PPP users. In the underlying multi-epoch model, the user ambiguities are assumed constant in time, while the positioning parameters are treated as constant (the static case) and fully unlinked in time (the kinematic case). To demonstrate the quality of single-frequency PPP-aided by European Galileo system besides GPS, experimental datasets of Victoria permanent GNSS network which is a sub-network of ARGN (Australian Regional GNSS Network) are analyzed using self-developed software routines. It is shown how Galileo system can enhance the SF-PPP performance as compared to GPS-only single-frequency for high grade geodetic receivers. Our numerical results demonstrate that multi-GNSS SF-PPP outperforms GPS-only in kinematic mode in terms of positioning accuracy. The standard deviation (STD) values of the positioning errors for multi-GNSS/GPS-only solutions are within 2 mm/4 mm (horizontal) and 4 mm/10 mm (vertical). The root-mean-squared error (RMS) values are also within 10 mm/10 mm (horizontal) and 35 mm/50 mm (vertical).