Flexibility Planning of Distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems in Smart Distribution Networks

The deployment of batteries in the distribution networks can provide an array of flexibility services to integrate renewable energy sources (RES) and improve grid operation in general. Hence, this paper presents the problem of optimal placement and sizing of distributed battery energy storage systems (DBESSs) from the viewpoint of distribution system operator to increase the network flexibility. The problem is formulated as an optimization framework wherein the objective function is to minimize the annualized sum of investment costs and operational costs of DBESSs while it is constrained to power flow, DBESS and RES constraints as well as distribution network operation limits. In addition, while the problem model is as nonlinear programming, this paper suggests an equivalent linear programming model for all constraints and quadratic formulation for the objective function to reach the global optimal solution with low error calculation. In the next step, the Benders decomposition approach is deployed to acquire better calculation speed. Finally, the proposed problem is applied to 19-bus LV CIGRE benchmark grid by GAMS software to investigate the capability of the model.