State-of-the-art developments of bypass Magnetorheological (MR) dampers: A review

Magneto-rheological (MR) dampers using MR fluids with controllable rheological properties are mainly utilized in automobiles, structures, electrical transmission lines, medical applications, agricultural engineering, and military equipment. This paper presents a comprehensive review of bypass MR dampers. The principles of operation, design structures, analytical models, experimental analysis, and applications of MR dampers are classified and reviewed. The bypass MR dampers have better MR fluid stability and sedimentation control compared to MR dampers. This is important for maintaining homogeneous magnetic flux distribution throughout the fluid area. The advantageous features of external bypass MR dampers over internal bypass dampers are the higher shear stress, the damping force controllability, and the higher damping force they can generate.