Optical solitons to the Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation by two effective approaches

This study is concerned with the Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation which plays an important role in modeling the propagation of the light pulses. Abundant optical soliton solutions expressed in terms of generalized hyperbolic, generalized trigonometric, hyperbolic, and trigonometric functions are derived by means of two effective methods, namely the Sardar subequation method and subequation method. The solutions are presented through the 3-D plot and 2-D curve by assigning proper parameters to interpret the physical behaviors. The obtained results reveal that the two methods are effective and powerful and are expected to be helpful to the study of the partial differential equations arising in physics.