Toxic Metabolites of Micromycetes in Brown Algae of the Families Fucaceae and Laminariaceae from the White Sea

Low-molecular-weight metabolites known as mycotoxins of micromycetes from the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus, etc. were studied using the enzyme immunoassay in the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata, Fucus vesiculosus, Laminaria digitata, and Saccharina latissima collected from the Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea. The T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins of group B, alternariol, ochratoxin A, citrinin, PR-toxin, mycophenolic acid, aflatoxin B-1, sterigmatocystin, cyclopiazonic acid, emodin, roridin A, and ergot alkaloids were detected in thalli of A. nodosum, P. canaliculata, and F. vesiculosus. The latter species was found to contain almost all of the above-listed mycotoxins in significant amounts. P.canaliculata had lower levels of PR-toxin, mycophenolic acid, emodin, and roridin A than those recorded from A. nodosum, whereas the levels of the other substances did not differ significantly between these species. L. digitata and S. latissima contained only ergot alkaloids in trace amounts, and no other mycotoxins were detected.