Divertor heat load in ASDEX Upgrade L-mode in presence of external magnetic perturbation

Power exhaust is one of the major challenges for a future fusion device. Applying a nonaxisymmetric external magnetic perturbation is one technique that is studied in order to mitigate or suppress large edge localized modes which accompany the high confinement regime in tokamaks. The external magnetic perturbation induces breaking in the axisymmetry of a tokamak and leads to a 2D heat flux pattern on the divertor target. The 2D heat flux pattern at the outer divertor target is studied on ASDEX Upgrade in stationary L- mode discharges. The amplitude of the 2D characteristic of the heat flux depends on the alignment between the field lines at the edge and the vacuum response of the applied magnetic perturbation spectrum. The 2D characteristic reduces with increasing density. The increasing divertor broadening, S, with increasing density is proposed as the main actuator. This is supported by a generic model using field line tracing and the vacuum field approach that is in quantitative agreement with the measured heat flux. The perturbed heat flux, averaged over a full toroidal rotation of the magnetic perturbation, is identical to the non- perturbed heat flux without magnetic perturbation. The transport qualifiers, power fall- off length lambda(q) and divertor broadening, S, are the same within the uncertainty compared to the unperturbed reference. No additional cross field transport is observed.