Adaptive Virtual Inertia Control Based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Frequency Regulation

The increasing penetration of low-inertia renewable energy generation has exacerbated power system frequency. To address this issue, this paper proposes an adaptive virtual inertia control (VIC) for frequency regulation of power system with high renewable energy penetration. The energy storage system (ESS) is used to emulate the inertial and damping response of a conventional synchronous generator. The inertia coefficient and damping coefficient of VIC are adjusted dynamically by nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) to optimize the frequency control effect. In addition, an augmentation model with augmented state variables is presented to enhance the robustness of adaptive VIC by NMPC. The performances of the proposed adaptive virtual synchronous generator(VSG) control and augmentation model are compared with no VSG and fixed parameters VSG on MATLAB/Simulink platform. It is found that the proposed control strategy is more efficient in frequency regulation as well as enhancement of the system robustness.