Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis as an uncommon cause of recurrent early pregnancy loss

Pulmonary lymphangioleimyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disorder characterized by hamartomatous proliferation of smooth muscle within lung parenchyma. LAM occurs only in women and exacerbates with menstruation, estrogen use, and taking oral contraceptives. The effect of pulmonary LAM on recurrent pregnancy loss has not been reported previously. A 28-years-old (gravida 2 parity 0 abortion 2) woman was admitted to the gynecology outpatient clinic because of habitual abortion. The patient had a history of early (one 8-week and another 6-week) pregnancy losses. CT scan showed widespread and varied dimension thin edge cystic lesions extending to about 1 cm in diameter of the largest size observed in all segments of both lungs. All other recurrent pregnancy loss tests were within normal limits, except pulmonary LAM findings on CT scan. Clinicians should keep in mind the diagnosis of pulmonary LAM, in cases with progressive dyspnea (especially in luteal phase of menstruation) and recurrent pregnancy losses.