Cardiac sympathetic denervation for intractable ventricular arrhythmias in Chagas disease

BACKGROUND Autonomic modulation is a valuable therapeutic option for the management of ventricular arrhythmias. Bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (BCSD) has shown promising results in the acute, intermediate, and long-term management of polymorphic and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with structural heart disease. Cardiomyopathy (CM) due to Chagas disease (CD), and associated VT, is thought to be in part due to autonomic neuronal destruction and dysfunction. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess whether BCSD is a safe and effective treatment modality in patients with CD and VT storm or refractory VT. METHODS A retrospective analysis of data from patients with chagasic CM who underwent BCSD between 2009 and 2015 at 2 international centers was performed. RESULTS Of 75 patients who underwent BCSD for VT storm or refractory VT in the setting of CM, 7 (9.3%) patients had CD as the etiology of CM. All patients had monomorphic VT. Median follow-up was 7 months (range 1-46 months). All patients either underwent previous unsuccessful catheter ablation or were not candidates for ablation. The median number of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks 1 month before BCSD was 4 (range 2-30) and decreased to 0 (range 0-2) during available follow-up after BCSD. When antitachycardia pacing therapies were included in the analysis, the median number of ICD therapies (shocks + antitachycardia pacing) still decreased to 1 (range 0-3). CONCLUSION In patients with chagasic CM presenting with refractory monomorphic VT, early evidence suggests that BCSD reduces appropriate ICD therapy and may represent a valuable treatment option.