A risk assessment framework for contaminated groundwater

This paper describes the formulation of a risk assessment framework, aimed at identifying areas at risk from contaminated groundwater. Risk is dependent upon the nature of the end target population, for example, humans, fish, etc., the nature of the contact, the quantity and concentrations of the contaminant. The foundation for such a risk assessment must lie with an understanding of the local and regional groundwater flow regimes. The framework involves looking at the contaminant concentrations at specific locations, then determining the areas which may be at risk. Other factors which affect the determination of risk and how they may be incorporated into an overall risk value are discussed. Risk may then be determined by the exposure route and type, and concentrations of a particular contaminant which may pose a threat to the population in question.