An Integrated Optimization Model of Charging Station/ Battery-Swap Station/ Energy Storage System Considering Uncertainty

In recent years, the number of EVs keeps a rapid growth and the increasing charging load brings new challenges to the operation and control of the power system. Meanwhile, the application of energy storage system is drawing the attention in both academia and industry. Both of the above elements play important roles in the Energy Internet. This paper aims to find a balance status between the power grid and the EV users during the power flow exchange in the background of internet energy. Therefore, an integrated optimization model with EV charging station, battery-swap station and energy storage system is proposed. In this novel model, strategies of EV charging station, battery-swap station and energy storage system are optimized jointly, and power flow constraints are taken into account. Besides, the uncertainties of EV and battery charging are considered in the study and a modified integrated model is put forward, which makes the model more suitable for the actual operation. The case study has proven the rationality of the integrated optimization model and the utility of the model considering the uncertainties. With the optimized dispatching scheme, EV users can gain their revenue in a more flexible way, and the power system can operate in an optimal status under a specific target.