Effects of population size and mutation rate on the evolution of mutational robustness

被引:45
|
作者
Elena, Santiago F. [1 ]
Wilke, Claus O.
Ofria, Charles
Lenski, Richard E.
机构
[1] Univ Politecn Valencia, CSIC, Inst Biol Mol & Celular Plantas, Valencia 46022, Spain
[2] Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[3] Univ Texas, Ctr Computat Biol & Bioinformat, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[4] Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
[5] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
关键词
deleterious mutations; digital organisms; fitness landscapes; mutational robustness; neutral networks; population size;
D O I
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00064.x
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
It is often assumed that the efficiency of selection for mutational robustness would be proportional to mutation rate and population size, thus being inefficient in small populations. However, Krakauer and Plotkin (2002) hypothesized that selection in small populations would favor robustness mechanisms, such as redundancy, that mask the effect of deleterious mutations. In large populations, by contrast, selection is more effective at removing deleterious mutants and fitness would be improved by eliminating mechanisms that mask the effect of deleterious mutations and thus impede their removal. Here, we test whether these predictions are supported in experiments with evolving populations of digital organisms. Digital organisms are self-replicating programs that inhabit a virtual world inside a computer. Like their organic counterparts, digital organisms mutate, compete, evolve, and adapt by natural selection to their environment. In this study, 160 populations evolved at different combinations of mutation rate and population size. After 104 generations, we measured the mutational robustness of the most abundant genotype in each population. Mutational robustness tended to increase with mutation rate and to decline with population size, although the dependence with population size was in part mediated by a negative relationship between fitness and robustness. These results are independent of whether genomes were constrained to their original length or allowed to change in size.
引用
收藏
页码:666 / 674
页数:9
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