Economic input-output models for environmental life-cycle assessment

被引:455
|
作者
Hendrickson, C [1 ]
Horvath, A
Joshi, S
Lave, L
机构
[1] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[2] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Heinz Sch Publ Policy & Management, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[3] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Grad Sch Ind Adm, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es983471i
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Process and product models are commonly used for performing life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of the environmental impacts of materials and products through different stages of fabrication, use, and end-of-life options. In this article, we show that these models can be represented as process flow diagrams or as matrices of process interactions. In either representation, the inventory of environmental emissions and resources used is comparable, provided the process models are proportional in nature (any increase in product output produces a corresponding environmental burden). Matrix representations are advantageous if application cost, feedback flow, or speed of analysis is important. They are also useful in conjunction with comprehensive, general equilibrium models in which the system boundary of the problem (e.g., an LCA of a product) being analyzed is on the level of the national economy.
引用
收藏
页码:184A / 191A
页数:8
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