Empirical Study of Multimedia Learning Object to Enhance Introductory Programming Learning

Learning to write computer program for the first time is tough. The predominant focus on Multimedia Learning Object (MLO) is to explore the effectiveness in developing novice learners program writing skills. MLO is a small piece of information incorporated with media elements and interactivity to accomplish a single learning outcome. Three types of MLO namely content object (CO), example object (EO) and self-assessment object (SAO) created as programming learning tool to support three cognitive activities: learn, practice and assess. These MLO incorporated in an instructional learning setting for introductory C programming learners. A pretest-posttest two treatment experiment carried out with sample size of hundred and four. Control group received non-digital learning material (review question, sample program and self-test question), treatment group1 received mixed condition (non-digital learning material; sample program and micro-level MLO; CO and SAO) and treatment group2 received macro level MLO; CO, EO, SAO in a similar instructional learning setting. The result of the study shows micro-level (MLO) are effective when CO used to activate prior knowledge and SAO to improve declarative knowledge. The EO embedded with screencast to support worked example principle seems to be less effective compared to sample program in assisting participants to write computer program. The outcome this study provides strategies to integrate several types of MLO for C programming course.