Reproduction of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in a New Zealand fiord

The reproductive cycle of Evechinus chloroticus (Val.) was examined at three (outer, mid, and inner) sites in Doubtful Sound, Fiordland over a 3-year period. We found that sea urchins from all three populations had an annual gametogenic cycle, the timing of which was temporally and spatially consistent. Inter-individual variation in the gametogenic cycle was noted within each population, however, initiation of gametogenesis was generally synchronous among males and females and among sites, occurring in May/June. Strong asynchrony in gamete maturation was observed in Deep Cove, occurring in males 4-5 months earlier than females. Spawning occurred in December at the inner and mid fiord sites, while occurring in January at the outer fiord site. Reproductive potential (maximum gonad index) and output (weight of gametes released/g of animal/year) varied spatially and temporally, where there was a consistent decreasing trend in reproductive potential and output with increasing distance away from the fiord entrance. Spatial variation in reproductive output may be associated, in part, with the strong ecological gradient found in Doubtful Sound, where there is a reported decrease in macrophyte biomass and cover towards the fiord headwaters. The implications of spatial differences in gonad production with respect to the population biology and fisheries management of E. chloroticus in the fiords are discussed.