The role of energy efficiency and renewable energies to accelerate sustainable energy access - a perspective case study of Mozambique

Energy efficiency, coupled with distributed renewable generation, is not only relevant to decrease the energy consumption and environmental emissions, but is also a large opportunity in terms of job creation and development of new business areas that stimulate investment (foreign and national). Moreover, energy efficiency and off-grid systems are a cost-effective strategy for a fast increase the number of people with energy access, as well as a way to fulfil the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals no. 7 by 2030. In Mozambique, in 2020, despite the significant efforts made by national authorities, only 32% of the inhabitants have access to electricity services. This paper presents an overview on the Mozambique electricity sector (grid-connected and off-grid) and how electric mobility, digitalization and energy efficiency may help the country to increase its electricity access rate. A characterization of Mozambique renewable energy potential per energy source, as well as the energy-efficient technology options in each sector, is carried out. Additionally, several key actions to improve energy access and to promote energy efficiency in Mozambique are also addressed. A variety of projects and key actions, addressing both the supply side and the demand side, is presented within this paper, supported by tailored policies and programs.