Measuring Triple Bottom Line benefits in sustainable e-learning: a framework and process.

This paper aims to propose a new sustainable e-learning framework to define relevant and meaningful indicators for monitoring and assessing the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) to improve sustainability in e-learning in higher education in Malaysia. A comprehensive literature review approach followed by focus groups and expert interviews highlighted the elements of sustainable e-learning, which benefits the people, economy, and environment The paper proposed a sustainable e-learning framework that represents meaningful guidance to e-learning stakeholders for sustainable e-learning strategy formalization, goal setting, and TBL reporting. The paper provides a systematic framework for measuring the benefits of e-learning initiatives toward the Triple Bottom Line; people, economy, and environment