Identifying renewable energy and building renovation solutions in the Baltic Sea region: The case of Kaliningrad Oblast

The Kaliningrad Oblast experiences severe power shortages. State of the heat and power sector of the Exclave is evaluated as very complicated, largely inconsistent with the requirements of modern standards for the organization and functioning of electric power systems, and largely dependent on the specific geopolitical situation. The present review considers: (i) the differences between social media outcomes regarding the Baltic NPP and presents possible scenarios that could exist in the future as a result of certain policy decisions, (ii) current status of the Region's energy sector and possibilities of its transition towards environmental sustainability by means of renewable energy, solid and gaseous biofuels, and local peat, and (iii) necessity of buildings renovation in the Kaliningrad Oblast. The data is collected via personal communications and literature research by structuring complex problems and considering multiple opportunities. The interviewees were educators, scientists and various stakeholders (potential investors and energy contractors, local farmers and agricultural landowners as potential producers of energy crops, etc.). According to their views and literature, background knowledge and critical thoughts on renewable energy solutions for Kaliningrad Oblast are presented. This study will primarily address policy-makers and environmental lobbyists, as they are the shapers of the regulatory and economic situation as well as energy sector's development direction in the Region. It will also be of use to those planning on establishing renewable energy production as a comprehensive summary of factors to take into account. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.