Three-dimensional intrauterine sonography in the early first-trimester of human pregnancy: preliminary study

Our purpose was to visualize normal embryonal surface anatomic structures using three-dimensional (3D) intrauterine sonography with a 20 MHz flexible catheter-based high-resolution real-time miniature transducer in the early first trimester of pregnancy. A total of 15 women about to undergo therapeutic abortion at 7-9.9 weeks gestational age were studied by means of 3D intrauterine sonography with a specially developed catheter-based high-resolution real-time miniature (2.4 mm in outer diameter) ultrasound transducer (20 MHz). This imaging system can provide conventional 2D intrauterine sonographic images and can also generate within seconds high-quality 3D images in the surface and transparent mode. At week 8, prominent forehead was evident, and upper and lower limbs and midgut herniation were clearly depicted. At week 9, fingers and toes were depicted as small digital rays, and the sacral tail protruded caudally. The midline cranial ectodermal cleft was also identified. At week 10, embryonic face and fingers were clearly shown. 3D intrauterine sonography provides a novel means for visualizing of surface anatomic structures of the human embryo in utero, These results suggest that 3D intrauterine sonography can become an important modality in future embryological research and in detection of embryonic developmental disorders in the early first-trimester pregnancy.