Carbon capture and storage opportunities in the west coast of India

In this paper, opportunities for carbon capture and storage (CCS) in India's west coast is investigated. Specifically, CO2 emissions from the power and industry sectors in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat and subsurface sinks to store them in oil fields, gas fields or saline aquifers in the closest sedimentary basins are quantified on a plant-by-plant and field-by-field basis. Results indicate that CO2 emission from these two states is 221 Mtpa and 115 Mtpa from the power and industry sectors, respectively. The mid CO2 storage capacity in nearby sedimentary basins is 141 Gt, enough to store 420 years of CO2 emission. Of this, 137 Gt (97.4%) come from saline aquifers, 2.23 Gt (1.6%) from gas fields, and only 1.4 Gt (1.0%) from oil fields. Furthermore, CO2 injection has the potential of recovering 2,620 MMbbl from oil fields and 118 MMbbl from gas fields through enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and enhanced gas recovery (EGR), respectively. The most significant CO2-EOR potential (1,453 MMbbl) is in the offshore Mumbai High oil field. Currently, most gas fields are under primary production and, therefore, will only be ready for CO2 storage when they are near depletion. Results of a CO2 source-sink mapping exercise suggest using four CCS hubs to connect regional CO2 sources and sinks. They are Mumbai, Nagpur and Chandrapur in the state of Maharashtra and Hazira in the state of Gujarat. These hubs can be used to temporarily store CO2 before it is transported to nearby oil fields or saline aquifers for permanent storage. Implementation of CCS projects based on these hubs can remove up to 168 Mtpa CO2 or 50% of stationary emission of these two states with a CO2 source-sink distance of 150 km or less, thus making a significant contribution to India's decarbonization. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.