Comparative efficacy of two angiotensin II receptor antagonists, irbesartan and losartan, in mild-to-moderate hypertension

The primary objectives of this double-blind study were to compare the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of irbesartan and losartan, two angiotensin II (AT(1) subtype) receptor antagonists with different pharmacokinetic profiles in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Both drugs are approved for once-daily use (although losartan may also be prescribed twice-daily). After a placebo lead-in, 567 patients were randomized (1:1: 1:1) to once-daily therapy with placebo, 100 mg losartan, 150 mg irbesartan, or 300 mg irbesartan for 8 weeks. Treatment groups had comparable demographic and baseline characteristics. After 8 weeks of treatment, reductions from baseline in trough seated diastolic blood pressure (SeDBP) and trough seated systolic blood pressure (SeSBP) with 300 mg irbesartan were greater than with 100 mg losartan (P <.01 for both comparisons), by 3.0 and 5.1 mm Hg, respectively; larger reductions were also demonstrated at weeks 1 and 4 (P <.01 and P =.017, respectively, for SeDBP). Throughout the study, the antihypertensive effect of 150 mg irbesartan did not differ significantly from that of 100 mg losartan. All therapies were well tolerated. The 300 mg dose of irbesartan was associated with the lowest incidence of adverse events (AE) and discontinuations because of AE. This study demonstrates that the maximally effective once-daily doses of two different AT(1) receptor antagonists may result in clinically significant differences in blood pressure reductions, and therefore highlights the potential importance of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between these two members of this class. (C) 1998 American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd.