Investigation on a long pulse relativistic extended interaction cavity oscillator

The mechanism of modulation and rf extraction of an S-band on an injection locked, long pulse, relativistic extended interaction cavity oscillator (REICO) is studied in this paper by experiment, theory, and simulation. The origin of pulse shortening and mode competition of the REICO driven by the long pulse intense relativistic electron beams (IREBs) is explored. The modified structure of REICO with coupler is proposed for the first time, which suppresses the pulse shortening and mode competition remarkably. The pulse width of the modulated IREB is increased from 60 ns to 140 ns, and the magnitude of the modulated IREB is increased from 2 kA to 5 kA. The microwave radiation power and efficiency are promoted obviously after adjusting the parameters of the IREB and the leading magnetic field. Using a 580 kV, 4.8 kA, 210 ns electron beam with 1.1 T leading magnetic field, more than 400MW radiated power was extracted in 160 ns FWHM pulses at 2.89 GHz. The power efficiency is 27%, and the energy efficiency is 23%. The radiated power is 400 MW and the FWHM pulse is 184 ns when pulse repetition frequency of IREBs is 20 Hz. The experimental results are well consistent with the simulations. The injection locked REICO generates high power microwave of power 400 MW with pulse width 100 ns.