Double-differential light-ion production cross sections

Codes used for space radiation shielding studies typically transport light-ions from the incident cosmic ray spectrum using either a one-dimensional straight-ahead approximation or in three dimensions, often without accounting for their breakup. Light-ions are also produced by breakup of energetic heavy ions in target materials. Herein, we present cross section models that can be used to predict double-differential light-ion production cross sections. Deuteron breakup is based on a parameterization of the total reaction cross sections. Alpha fragmentation utilizes a parameterization based on an abrasion-ablation model that has been augmented by experimental data. Neutron and proton production is modelled with a quantum mechanical abrasion-ablation-coalescence model. This same model is also used to predict cross sections for triton and He-3 breakup. Finally, energies and emission angles for particles other than nucleons are specified using a model of energy degradation in nucleus-nucleus collisions and systematics of momentum distributions.