Recombinant immunotoxins for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease (Review)

In recent years, substantial experience has been accumulated with tumor-specific immunotherapeutics which seem to be effective against minimal residual disease. The coupling of toxins to monoclonal antibodies has indicated promising results in early clinical trials. Recombinant DNA technology makes it possible to genetically fuse coding regions of V genes or cytokines to modified toxin domains. These recombinant immunotoxins can easily be manipulated to increase the cytotoxic potency or affinity. Binding single chain variable fragments (scFv) expressed as chimeric fusion proteins on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages were selected on Hodgkin-derived cell lines. This technique was also used to create a new humanized anti-CD30 scFv which exhibits similar binding to the CD30 antigen when compared to its murine predecessor. ScFvs were then inserted into a new bacterial expression vector and thus fused to a deletion mutant of Pseudomonas exotoxin. Anti-CD25(scFv)-ETA' and anti-CD30(scFv)-ETA' were isolated from E. coli periplasm and purified by metal chelate affinity and size exclusion chromatography. All immunotoxins produced showed specific cytotoxicity against Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines as documented by competitive assays. In addition, these constructs were highly efficient in the treatment of disseminated human Hodgkin's disease in SCID mice. These in vivo data indicate a possible clinical impact for patients with relapsed CD25- and/or CD30-positive lymphoma.