Morphological and Molecular Identification of a Novel Species, Ceratomyxa siganicola n. sp. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) from Siganus fuscescens, in East China Sea

Introduction Ceratomyxa Thelohan, 1892 is one of the largest genera under Myxosporea Butschli, 1881, and has a worldwide distribution, but little attention has been paid to myxosporean parasites from the Chinese seawaters, East China Sea. Methods Morphology and molecular biology methods were combined for species identification and phylogenetic analysis. Results A new coelozoic myxosporean species, Ceratomyxa siganicola n. sp., was found to infect the gallbladder of Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782) (Perciformes, Siganidae) from coastal waters of Xiamen, East China Sea, China. Mature myxospores of the novel species exhibited the morphologically typical features of the genus Ceratomyxa. They were slightly crescent shaped with rounded ends, measuring 5.6 +/- 0.5 (4.8-6.5) mu m in length and 19.1 +/- 1.8 (16.0-22.1) mu m in thickness. The posterior angle was slightly convex to straight and measured 177.1 +/- 0.5 (175.2-178.4)degrees. Spore valves were slightly unequal and smoothly ovoid in the lateral view. Two polar capsules were spherical, equal in size and measured 2.7 +/- 0.2 (2.1-3.0) mu m in diameter. The 18S rDNA sequence of C. siganicola n. sp. was unique among all myxozoans, and the highest similarity was 97.4% with Ceratomyxa barnesi. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. siganicola n. sp. was clustered within the clade of siganid ceratomyxids. The present results also indicated that the species radiation of Ceratomyxa occurred not only within host affinity but also within locality.