Molecular mechanisms regulating lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) in human pregnancy

Introduction: Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is necessary for surfactant production in fetal lungs. Mechanisms responsible for its regulation during gestation remain to be elucidated. Our goal is to evaluate molecular mechanisms regulating LPCAT1 expression during gestation and after glucocorticoid administration. Methods: Placentas throughout gestation were assayed for LPCAT1 protein levels. A placental cell line, HTR-8/SVneo (HTR), was used as a model to test the effects of placental oxygen tension found during pregnancy as well as the effects of dexamethasone used therapeutically in the clinic. Results: LPCAT1 protein levels are maximal in late third trimester placental samples and are expressed strongly on the basal plate. LPCAT1 was maximally upregulated at 4% O-2 (P < 0.01), corresponding to oxygen tension found in placenta at term. Mitochondrial nuclear retrograde regulator 1 (MNRR1), a bi-organellar (mitochondria and nucleus) regulator, transcriptionally activates LPCATI . Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) upregulate LPCAT1, at least in part, by an MNRR1-dependent pathway. HTR cells treated with 25 nM dexamethasone for 24 h exhibited a 2-fold increase in LPCAT1 levels compared to controls. In MNRR1 knockout cells, the response to ACS is significantly blunted. Discussion: LPCATI appears to be induced by MNRR1. Hypoxia and corticosteroids increase LPCAT1 expression through an MNRR1 dependent pathway. LPCAT1 protein levels can be measured in maternal plasma and rise throughout gestation and in response to ACS.