Design of Cereal Products Naturally Enriched in Folate from Barley Pearling By-Products

Folate is a fundamental vitamin for human health in prevention of many diseases; however, unfortunately its deficiency is widespread, so a greater availability of folate rich foods is desirable. The aim of this study was to design new cereal products naturally enriched in folate using barley flour from pearling as ingredient. Folate content of unfortified and fortified commercial grain-based products was considered to identify the best ingredients for new formulation and for folate content comparisons. Nineteen Italian barley cultivars were evaluated for their folate content and Natura was chosen for its highest folate levels = 69.3 mu g/100 g f.w. Application of pearling gave a by-product flour with a high folate level: 221.7 +/- 7.0 mu g/100 g; this flour was employed to design pasta and biscuits naturally enriched in folate: 87.1 mu g/100 g and 70.1 +/- 3.7 mu g/100 g f.w., respectively. Folate content of new products is higher than commercial samples: 39.2 mu g/100 g in refined pasta, 60.4 mu g/100 g in wholemeal pasta, 62.1 mu g/100 g in fortified biscuits and 10.4 mu g/100 g in unfortified ones. Enriched pasta had higher folate retention (68.5%) after cooking compared to the fortified one (27.8%). This research shows promising results concerning the pearling technique to design new cereal products naturally enriched in folates.