The Therapeutic Potential of Purinergic Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease and Promising Therapeutic Modulators

Recent studies have proven that the purinergic signaling pathway plays a key role in neurotransmission and neuromodulation, and is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. With the characterization of the subtypes of receptors in purinergic signaling, i.e. the P1 (adenosine), P2X (ion channel) and P2Y (G protein-coupled), more attention has been paid to the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of purinergic signaling in the central nervous system disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and deadly neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment and dementia. However, as drug development aimed to prevent or control AD has series of failures in recent years, more researchers have focused on the neuroprotection-related mechanisms such as purinergic signaling in AD patients to find a potential cure. This article reviews the recent discoveries of purinergic signaling in AD, and summarizes the potential agents as modulators for the receptors of purinergic signaling in AD-related research and treatments. Thus, our paper provides an insight into purinergic signaling in the development of anti- AD therapies.