Interference-type plasmonic polarizers and generalized law of Malus

Conventional linear polarizers only allow the electric component parallel to the polarizer axis to pass through whereas prohibit the vertical component. We propose that a specially-designed single-layer plasmonic polarizer can couple both parallel and vertical electric components to the transmission, thus breaking the classical law of Malus. A variety of anomalous polarization effects, such as the asymmetric polarization-angle dependence, enhanced polarization filtering with wide polarization angle, and tunable polarization rotation from 0 degrees to 90 degrees, can be resulted. To understand the effects, the generalized law of Malus, originating from the superposition principle, has been presented and analyzed. This provides a basis for studying the interference-type plasmonic polarizers, where the interference effect and polarization effect are combined together. The difference between the plasmonic and conventional polarizers is of both fundamental and practical interest.