Simultaneous Measurement of 3-Chlorotyrosine and 3,5-Dichlorotyrosine in Whole Blood, Serum and Plasma by Isotope Dilution HPLC-MS-MS

Chlorine is a public health concern and potential threat due to its high reactivity, ease and scale of production, widespread industrial use, bulk transportation, massive stockpiles and history as a chemical weapon. This work describes a new, sensitive and rapid stable isotope dilution method for the retrospective detection and quantitation of two chlorine adducts. The biomarkers 3-chlorotyrosine (Cl-Tyr) and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine (Cl-2-Tyr) were isolated from the pronase digest of chlorine exposed whole blood, serum or plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE), separated by reversed-phase HPLC and detected by tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). The calibration range is 2.50-1,000 ng/mL (R-2 a parts per thousand yen 0.998) with a lowest reportable limit (LRL) of 2.50 ng/mL for both analytes, an accuracy of a parts per thousand yen93% and an LOD of 0.443 ng/mL for Cl-Tyr and 0.396 ng/mL for Cl-2-Tyr. Inter- and intra-day precision of quality control samples had coefficients of variation of a parts per thousand currency sign10% and a parts per thousand currency sign7.0%, respectively. Blood and serum samples from 200 healthy individuals and 175 individuals with chronic inflammatory disease were analyzed using this method to assess background levels of chlorinated tyrosine adducts. Results from patients with no known inflammatory disease history (healthy) showed baseline levels of < LRL-4.26 ng/mL Cl-Tyr and < LRL Cl-2-Tyr. Patients with inflammatory disease had baseline levels of < LRL-15.4 ng/mL Cl-Tyr and < LRL-5.22 ng/mL Cl-2-Tyr. Blood exposed to 2.02 ppm chlorine gas for 15 min produced 941 ng/mL Cl-Tyr and 223 ng/mL Cl-2-Tyr. This high-throughput method has been developed and analytically validated for the diagnosis of human exposure to chlorine.