Nuclear Forensic Science: Analysis of Nuclear Material Out of Regulatory Control

被引:91
|
作者
Kristo, Michael J. [1 ]
Gaffney, Amy M. [1 ]
Marks, Naomi [1 ]
Knight, Kim [1 ]
Cassata, William S. [1 ]
Hutcheon, Ian D. [1 ]
机构
[1] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
来源
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, VOL 44 | 2016年 / 44卷
关键词
nuclear forensics; nuclear trafficking; radiochronometry; uranium ore concentrate; HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM; INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CONCENTRATES YELLOW CAKES; AGE-DETERMINATION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; BASIC CHARACTERIZATION; ORIGIN ASSESSMENT; PLUTONIUM; RATIO; FRACTIONATION;
D O I
10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012309
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Nuclear forensic science seeks to identify the origin of nuclear materials found outside regulatory control. It is increasingly recognized as an integral part of a robust nuclear security program. This review highlights areas of active, evolving research in nuclear forensics, with a focus on analytical techniques commonly employed in Earth and planetary sciences. Applications of nuclear forensics to uranium ore concentrates (UOCs) are discussed first. UOCs have become an attractive target for nuclear forensic researchers because of the richness in impurities compared to materials produced later in the fuel cycle. The development of chronometric methods for age dating nuclear materials is then discussed, with an emphasis on improvements in accuracy that have been gained from measurements of multiple radioisotopic systems. Finally, papers that report on casework are reviewed, to provide a window into current scientific practice.
引用
收藏
页码:555 / 579
页数:25
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