Mobility management using dynamic cross-layer signaling in heterogeneous wireless networks

Vertical handover cross-layer designs lack automatic adaption with different applications. The upper layers in a cross-layer design need to be aware of the events in the lower layers, so that sessions will not be interrupted during vertical handover. Cross-layer designs deal with information sharing problem. Challenges of the cross-layer designs were summarized. Dynamic adaptive streaming cope with bandwidth changes faced by a user travelling in a random trajectory across heterogeneous environments to reduce quality degradation. Adequate enhancements are proposed for multimedia applications. Design architecture of cross-layer include a message exchange between modules from different layers.