Modeling of Wake Vortex Radar Detection in Clear Air Using Large-Eddy Simulation

To detect wake vortices in all weather conditions, lidar and radar sensors are complementary. It is important to determine accurately the limitations of the radar detection in clear air and to determine the parameters influencing the detection. This paper is the first study to present the simulation and analysis of the radar signatures of wake vortices on the basis of state-of-the-art 3D large-eddy simulations. The setup of the large-eddy simulations is described and the evolution of the wake vortices is illustrated for the three simulated cases. A modified version of the model developed by Muschinski et al. is used here for the calculation of the radar-backscattered signal and the second moment of the Doppler spectrum that is used to estimate the wake vortex circulation. The simulator uses two different radar configurations for the retrieval of the circulation, which is compared with the circulation obtained directly from the large-eddy simulations. The retrieval of the circulation is fairly accurate if the level of backscattered signal is high enough above the detection threshold of the radar.