Role of Exosomes in Mediating the Cross-Talk Between Adipose Tissue and the Brain

Adipose tissue is recognized as the largest endocrine organ by releasing secretory factors to exert systemic function on the brain. Exosomes are one type of extracellular vesicles that transport bioactive molecules between cells and organs. The cargo delivered by exosomes can alter a wide range of cellular responses in recipient cells and play an important pathophysiological role in human diseases. Emerging research showed that adipose tissue-released exosomes could be one of the mechanisms to mediate the function of the brain. Here, we review the modulatory function of adipose tissue-released exosomes in the brain. In particular, we emphasize the role of adipose tissue-released exosomes and their carried miRNAs in neurological disorder diseases. We provide an overview of advances in the understanding of adipose tissues in the regulation of brain function and offer a perspective on the potential therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.