The relationship between dietary trophic level, parasites and the microbiome of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)

被引:4
|
作者
Couch, Claire [1 ]
Sanders, Justin [2 ]
Sweitzer, Danielle [3 ]
Deignan, Kristen [3 ]
Cohen, Lesley [3 ]
Broughton, Heather [4 ]
Steingass, Sheanna [1 ,5 ]
Beechler, Brianna [2 ]
机构
[1] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[2] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[3] Oregon State Univ, Carlson Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[4] Oregon State Univ Cascades, Dept Biol, Bend, OR USA
[5] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR USA
关键词
fecal microbiome; stable isotope; trophic level; walrus; helminth; GUT MICROBIOTA; BERING-SEA; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; COMMUNITY; PREY; ICE;
D O I
10.1098/rspb.2022.0079
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Arctic species are likely to experience rapid shifts in prey availability under climate change, which may alter their exposure to microbes and parasites. Here, we describe fecal bacterial and macroparasite communities and assess correlations with diet trophic level in Pacific walruses harvested during subsistence hunts by members of the Native Villages of Gambell and Savoonga on St Lawrence Island, Alaska. Fecal bacterial communities were dominated by relatively few taxa, mostly belonging to phyla Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes. Members of parasite-associated phyla Nematoda, Acanthocephala and Platyhelminthes were prevalent in our study population. We hypothesized that high versus low prey trophic level (e.g. fish versus bivalves) would result in different gut bacterial and macroparasite communities. We found that bacterial community structure correlated to diet, with nine clades enriched in walruses consuming higher-trophic-level prey. While no parasite compositional differences were found at the phylum level, the cestode genus Diphyllobothrium was more prevalent and abundant in walruses consuming higher-trophic-level prey, probably because fish are the intermediate hosts for this genus. This study suggests that diet is important for structuring both parasite and microbial communities of this culturally and ecologically important species, with potential implications for population health under climate change.
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收藏
页数:8
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