Agro-Industrial Waste as a Source of Raw Material: Eggshell and Ash of Agave salmiana Useful for the Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite

Agave salmiana ash and poultry eggshell powder as CaO sources were used for obtaining nanostructured hydro-xyapatite (HAP). The synthesis was carried out by the Green Chemistry Hydrothermal Biosynthesis at 180 degrees C with a pH of 5, by reacting CaO from Agave Salmiana ash and Eggshell powder, with dibasic calcium phosphate (CaH-PO4 center dot 2H(2)O) in an aqueous solution, with Aloe barbadensis extract. The product was characterized by X-ray dif-fraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The size and shape of the hydroxyapatite particles changed dramati-cally in the presence of Aloe barbadensis. Large crystals of Hydroxyapatite were observed when Eggshell powder and Agave salmiana ash were used as raw materials in the presence of the Aloe barbadensis surfactant. Crystals with shapes of ribbons and plates from 1 micrometers to 8 micrometers were observed when using the eggshell powder in the presence of Aloe barbadensis and, in the case of Agave salmiana ash in the presence of Aloe bar-badensis, crystals with shapes of quadrangular prisms and hexagonal (polyhedra) with sizes from 2 micrometers to 20 micrometers were observed. Hydroxyapatite was therefore successfully biosynthesized by a green and sustainable method that reduces the environmental impact.