Effect of Zearalenone and Hormone Regulators on Microspore Embryogenesis in Anther Culture of Wheat

The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of zearalenone (ZEN) and selected hormone regulators on the effectiveness of microspore embryogenesis in anther culture of wheat. The plant material comprised F-1 hybrids of winter and spring wheat. Six combinations of media inducing microspore proliferation and formation of embryogenic structures were investigated: two combinations of growth regulators (D - 2,4-D + dicamba, K - 2,4-D + kinetin), each with three ZEN concentrations (0 mL/L, 0.1 mL/L, 0.2 mL/L). A significant increase in microspore embryogenesis effectiveness on media with the addition of ZEN was observed both at the stages of its induction and the formation of green plants in some genotypes. In case of both combinations of growth regulators, an increased concentration of ZEN resulted in more effective induction of microspore embryogenesis. The most effective induction medium was the D medium supplemented with 0.2 mL/L ZEN. As a result of the use of zearalenone together with two combinations of growth regulators, all genotypes tested produced androgenic structures, which indicates the breakdown of genotypic recalcitrant in the analysed hybrids. In addition, green plants were obtained from 18 out of 19 tested hybrids. The addition of ZEN to the medium did not affect the number of regenerated albino plants nor the number of spontaneous genome doublings proportion.