Long-term impacts of organic and conventional farming on the soil microbiome in boreal arable soil

被引:32
|
作者
Peltoniemi, Krista [1 ]
Velmala, Sannakajsa [1 ]
Fritze, Hannu [1 ]
Lemola, Riitta [2 ]
Pennanen, Taina [1 ]
机构
[1] Nat Resources Inst Finland LUKE, Nat Resources, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
[2] Nat Resources Inst Finland LUKE, Nat Resources, Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
基金
欧盟地平线“2020”;
关键词
Farming systems; Organic farming; Conventional farming; Farming practices; Arable soil; Microbiome; Fungal community; Bacterial community; Cultivation; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; GEN; NOV; SP; DIVERSITY; CARBON; BIODIVERSITY; FERTILIZER; ABUNDANCE;
D O I
10.1016/j.ejsobi.2021.103314
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Long-term effects of organic and conventional farming systems in parallel on the microbiota of boreal arable soil from forage and cereal crop fields were investigated. Microbial activity was measured as basal respiration and microbial biomass C and N were determined by fumigation extraction. Microbial abundance was determined by gene copy numbers from bacterial and archaeal specific 16S rRNA genes and the fungal ITS2 region with quantitative PCR. Microbial community composition for soil bacteria and fungi, including arbuscular mycorrhiza, were conducted by amplicon sequencing with richness assessed from OTU reads. We detected changes in both bacterial and fungal community composition between the farming systems. Microbial activity and biomass C and N were higher in the organic system for cereal crop rotation compared to the respective conventional system. In the autumn, organic systems had higher microbial richness. As fungi were more abundant in the autumn, they may be responsible for both higher microbial activity and C sequestration in their biomass after harvesting, especially in the organic system for cereal crop rotation. Also, crop type and cow manure explained changes in fungal community composition. The typical bacterial community of the organic system for cereal crop rotation included many soil and plant health promoting bacterial groups. Fungi benefiting from organic farming practices, other than manure, may include endophytic taxa with a variety of functions as well as pathogenic and mycotoxin producing species. Overall, the results suggest that farming practices typical of organic farming, such as use of green manure and continuous plant cover have induced changes in the soil microbiome.
引用
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页数:10
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