Rethinking youth policy model in Europe and its constituents: civic learning and civic engagement

Drawing on the European framework for youth policy, the paper initially explores an idealized model of what governments at their best can do regarding youth policy in Europe, including its objective, core, and means. A critical analysis of the European framework yields a new dimension - internal/external Political Efficacy - which plays a pivotal role as a connector between the core and the means of youth policy. The model of youth policy proposed here is fundamentally underpinned by two means: Civic Learning and Civic Engagement. Lastly, the paper proposes the model of managing a holistic feature of the youth policy.