Ways of Entry of Portuguese Loanwords into the Spanish Lexicon

Portuguese borrowings originate from a closely related area of the Iberian Peninsula, a factor which often makes it difficult to determine where they come from. The first part of this work looks at the problems raised in research about how they were taken by the Spanish language, directly or through dialectal varieties. The second part focuses on how the maritime expansion over the Atlantic leads to the creation of a new order of relations in America, where the contributions of the European emigrants coincide in time with those that come from the contacts with Brazil. In this context, it is analyzed the way in which Portuguese borrowings are integrated into Latin American Spanish, together with a proposal for a classification of their routes of entry through European emigration, border contact with Brazil, and the transmission of elements from other languages or from technolects linked to important economic activities. Finally, this paper also studies the research needs in different territories.