Nonspecific and atypical presentation of disease in the older patient

Symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory values exhibited by some older patients with acute illnesses may differ from those normally expected in a younger population. This variation in presentation can make it difficult to diagnose pneumonia or myocardial infarction and exacerbations of chronic disease, such as depression. The physician who is aware of why and how diseases can present atypically in older patients can improve outcomes by minimizing diagnostic mistakes and delays in treatment. Five common disease states in which atypical presentations may be seen include infections, cardiovascular disease, the acute abdomen, hyperthyroidism, and depression.